<ligature>

A mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
5.4 Ligatures
Module
MEI.mensural
Attributes
class, color, copyof, corresp, facs, follows, form, label, n, next, precedes, prev, resp, sameas, synch, type, xml:base, xml:id
class(optional)Contains one or more URIs which denote classification terms that apply to the entity bearing this attribute. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.typedatt.classed@class
color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
<ligature>att.ligature.visatt.color@color
copyof(optional)Points to an element of which the current element is a copy. Value conforms to data.URI.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@copyof
corresp(optional)Used to point to other elements that correspond to this one in a generic fashion. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@corresp
facs(optional)Points to one or more images, portions of an image, or surfaces which correspond to the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.facsimile@facs
follows(optional)points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be predecessors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@follows
form(optional)Provides an indication of the function of the ligature. Value conforms to data.LIGATUREFORM.
<ligature>att.ligature.vis@form
label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
<ligature>att.commonatt.labelled@label
n(optional)Provides a number-like designation that indicates an element’s position in a sequence of similar elements. May not contain space characters. Value conforms to data.WORD.
<ligature>att.commonatt.nNumberLike@n
next(optional)Used to point to the next event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@next
precedes(optional)Points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be successors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@precedes
prev(optional)Points to the previous event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@prev
resp(optional)Indicates the agent(s) responsible for some aspect of the text’s transcription, editing, or encoding. Its value must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.responsibility@resp
sameas(optional)Points to an element that is the same as the current element but is not a literal copy of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@sameas
synch(optional)Points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.linking@synch
type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
<ligature>att.commonatt.typed@type
xml:base(optional)Provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references. Value conforms to data.URI.
<ligature>att.commonatt.basic@xml:base
xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
<ligature>att.commonatt.basicatt.id@xml:id
(MEI.shared) Attributes common to many elements.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that form the basis of the att.common class.
xml:base(optional)Provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references. Value conforms to data.URI.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that uniquely identify an element.
xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
(MEI.shared)
label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that specify element-to-element relationships.
copyof(optional)Points to an element of which the current element is a copy. Value conforms to data.URI.
corresp(optional)Used to point to other elements that correspond to this one in a generic fashion. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
follows(optional)points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be predecessors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
next(optional)Used to point to the next event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
precedes(optional)Points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be successors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
prev(optional)Points to the previous event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
sameas(optional)Points to an element that is the same as the current element but is not a literal copy of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
synch(optional)Points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes used to supply a number-like designation for an element.
n(optional)Provides a number-like designation that indicates an element’s position in a sequence of similar elements. May not contain space characters. Value conforms to data.WORD.
(MEI.shared) Attributes capturing information regarding responsibility for some aspect of the text's creation, transcription, editing, or encoding.
resp(optional)Indicates the agent(s) responsible for some aspect of the text’s transcription, editing, or encoding. Its value must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which can be used to classify features.
type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which can be used to classify features.
class(optional)Contains one or more URIs which denote classification terms that apply to the entity bearing this attribute. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.facsimile) Attributes that associate a feature corresponding with all or part of an image.
facs(optional)Points to one or more images, portions of an image, or surfaces which correspond to the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.mensural) Logical domain attributes.
(MEI.visual) Visual domain attributes.
form(optional)Provides an indication of the function of the ligature. Value conforms to data.LIGATUREFORM.
(MEI.shared) Visual color attributes.
color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
(MEI.gestural) Gestural domain attributes.
(MEI.analytical) Analytical domain attributes.
Facsimile component declarations.
facs(optional)Points to one or more images, portions of an image, or surfaces which correspond to the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
Component declarations that are shared between two or more modules.
class(optional)Contains one or more URIs which denote classification terms that apply to the entity bearing this attribute. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
copyof(optional)Points to an element of which the current element is a copy. Value conforms to data.URI.
corresp(optional)Used to point to other elements that correspond to this one in a generic fashion. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
follows(optional)points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be predecessors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
n(optional)Provides a number-like designation that indicates an element’s position in a sequence of similar elements. May not contain space characters. Value conforms to data.WORD.
next(optional)Used to point to the next event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
precedes(optional)Points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be successors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
prev(optional)Points to the previous event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
resp(optional)Indicates the agent(s) responsible for some aspect of the text’s transcription, editing, or encoding. Its value must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
sameas(optional)Points to an element that is the same as the current element but is not a literal copy of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
synch(optional)Points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
xml:base(optional)Provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references. Value conforms to data.URI.
xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
Visual component declarations.
form(optional)Provides an indication of the function of the ligature. Value conforms to data.LIGATUREFORM.
Member of
model.eventLike.mensuralGroups event elements that occur in the mensural repertoire.
Contained By
(MEI.mensural) Groups event elements that occur in the mensural repertoire.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
(MEI.mensural) Groups notated events that may appear at the layer level in the mensural repertoire.
(MEI.shared) Groups notated events at the layer level that are shared by the mensural and neume repertoires.
(MEI.shared) Groups notated events that may appear at the layer level in all repertoires.
abbrA generic element for 1) a shortened form of a word, including an acronym or 2) a shorthand notation.
addMarks an addition to the text.
corrContains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
delContains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
expanContains the expansion of an abbreviation.
layerAn independent stream of events on a staff.
lemContains the lemma, or base text, of a textual variation.
oLayerA layer that contains an alternative to material in another layer.
origContains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
rdgContains a single reading within a textual variation.
regContains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
Common Music Notation (CMN) repertoire component declarations.
oLayerA layer that contains an alternative to material in another layer.
Critical apparatus component declarations.
lemContains the lemma, or base text, of a textual variation.
rdgContains a single reading within a textual variation.
Editorial and transcriptional component declarations.
abbrA generic element for 1) a shortened form of a word, including an acronym or 2) a shorthand notation.
addMarks an addition to the text.
corrContains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
delContains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
expanContains the expansion of an abbreviation.
origContains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
regContains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
Mensural repertoire component declarations.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
Component declarations that are shared between two or more modules.
layerAn independent stream of events on a staff.
May Contain
(MEI.critapp) Groups elements that contain a critical apparatus entry.
appContains one or more alternative encodings.
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements for editorial interventions that may be useful both in transcribing and in authoring processes.
choiceGroups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.
substGroups transcriptional elements when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text.
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements used for editorial transcription of pre-existing source materials.
addMarks an addition to the text.
corrContains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
delContains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
gapIndicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether as part of sampling practice or for editorial reasons described in the MEI header.
handShiftMarks the beginning of a passage written in a new hand, or of a change in the scribe, writing style, ink or character of the document hand.
origContains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
regContains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
(MEI.mensural) Groups event elements that occur in the mensural repertoire.
dotDot of augmentation or division.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
mensurCollects information about the metrical relationship between a note value and the next smaller value; that is, either triple or duple.
proportDescription of note duration as arithmetic ratio.
(MEI.neumes) Groups event elements that occur in the neume repertoire.
divLineRepresents a division (divisio) in neume notation. Divisions indicate short, medium, or long pauses similar to breath marks in modern notation.
neumeSign representing one or more musical pitches.
(MEI.shared) Groups event elements that occur in all notational repertoires.
barLineVertical line drawn through one or more staves that divides musical notation into metrical units.
chordA simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
clefIndication of the exact location of a particular note on the staff and, therefore, the other notes as well.
clefGrpA set of simultaneously-occurring clefs.
custosSymbol placed at the end of a line of music to indicate the first note of the next line. Sometimes called a "direct".
noteA single pitched event.
padAn indication of extra visual space between notational elements.
restA non-sounding event found in the source being transcribed.
spaceA placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
tabGrpA group of simultaneous tab notes, comparable to a chord in CMN. Rarely, may also contain rests, as in some "German" lute tablatures.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that have the same function as a key signature.
keySigWritten key signature.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that represent a meter signature.
meterSigWritten meter signature.
meterSigGrpUsed to capture alternating, interchanging, mixed or other non-standard meter signatures.
Common Music Notation (CMN) repertoire component declarations.
meterSigWritten meter signature.
meterSigGrpUsed to capture alternating, interchanging, mixed or other non-standard meter signatures.
Critical apparatus component declarations.
appContains one or more alternative encodings.
Editorial and transcriptional component declarations.
addMarks an addition to the text.
choiceGroups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.
corrContains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
delContains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
gapIndicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether as part of sampling practice or for editorial reasons described in the MEI header.
handShiftMarks the beginning of a passage written in a new hand, or of a change in the scribe, writing style, ink or character of the document hand.
origContains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
regContains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
substGroups transcriptional elements when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
Mensural repertoire component declarations.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
mensurCollects information about the metrical relationship between a note value and the next smaller value; that is, either triple or duple.
proportDescription of note duration as arithmetic ratio.
Neume repertoire component declarations.
divLineRepresents a division (divisio) in neume notation. Divisions indicate short, medium, or long pauses similar to breath marks in modern notation.
neumeSign representing one or more musical pitches.
Component declarations that are shared between two or more modules.
barLineVertical line drawn through one or more staves that divides musical notation into metrical units.
chordA simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
clefIndication of the exact location of a particular note on the staff and, therefore, the other notes as well.
clefGrpA set of simultaneously-occurring clefs.
custosSymbol placed at the end of a line of music to indicate the first note of the next line. Sometimes called a "direct".
dotDot of augmentation or division.
keySigWritten key signature.
noteA single pitched event.
padAn indication of extra visual space between notational elements.
restA non-sounding event found in the source being transcribed.
spaceA placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
Tablature component declarations.
tabGrpA group of simultaneous tab notes, comparable to a chord in CMN. Rarely, may also contain rests, as in some "German" lute tablatures.
Remarks

The rhythmic meaning of the components of a ligature is typically contextual, not absolute; therefore, an interpretative duration may be encoded on each of the components using either the dur.ges attribute or the num and numbase attribute pair. The ligature element should not be used for brackets in modern notation that indicate notes that were part of a ligature in the original source.

Declaration
<elementSpec ident="ligature" module="MEI.mensural">
<desc xml:lang="en">A mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.</desc>
<classes>
<memberOf key="att.common"/>
<memberOf key="att.facsimile"/>
<memberOf key="att.ligature.log"/>
<memberOf key="att.ligature.vis"/>
<memberOf key="att.ligature.ges"/>
<memberOf key="att.ligature.anl"/>
<memberOf key="model.eventLike.mensural"/>
</classes>
<content>
<rng:zeroOrMore>
<rng:choice>
<rng:ref name="model.appLike"/>
<rng:ref name="model.editLike"/>
<rng:ref name="model.eventLike"/>
<rng:ref name="model.eventLike.mensural"/>
<rng:ref name="model.eventLike.neumes"/>
<rng:ref name="model.transcriptionLike"/>
</rng:choice>
</rng:zeroOrMore>
</content>
<remarks xml:lang="en">
<p>The rhythmic meaning of the components of a ligature is typically contextual, not absolute; therefore, an interpretative duration may be encoded on each of the components using either the <att>dur.ges</att> attribute or the <att>num</att> and <att>numbase</att> attribute pair. The <gi scheme="MEI">ligature</gi> element should <hi rend="bold">not</hi> be used for brackets in modern notation that indicate notes that were part of a ligature in the original source.</p>
</remarks>
</elementSpec>
MEI Version: 5.1-dev(#6d3dd03)