<unclear>

Contains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
11.2 Editorial Markup,11.2.4 Additions, Deletions, and Omissions,11.2.4.1 Omissions, Unclear Readings, Damage, and Supplied Readings
Module
MEI.edittrans
Attributes
agent, atleast, atmost, cert, class, confidence, copyof, corresp, evidence, extent, facs, follows, hand, label, max, min, n, next, precedes, prev, reason, resp, sameas, source, synch, translit, type, unit, xml:base, xml:id, xml:lang
agent(optional)Signifies the causative agent of damage, illegibility, or other loss of original text. Value of datatype string.
atleast(optional)Gives a minimum estimated value for an approximate measurement. Value of datatype decimal.
atmost(optional)Gives a maximum estimated value for an approximate measurement. Value of datatype decimal.
cert(optional)Signifies the degree of certainty or precision associated with a feature. Value conforms to data.CERTAINTY.
class(optional)Contains one or more URIs which denote classification terms that apply to the entity bearing this attribute. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
confidence(optional)Specifies the degree of statistical confidence (between zero and one) that a value falls within the range specified by min and max, or the proportion of observed values that fall within that range. Value conforms to data.CONFIDENCE.
copyof(optional)Points to an element of which the current element is a copy. Value conforms to data.URI.
corresp(optional)Used to point to other elements that correspond to this one in a generic fashion. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
evidence(optional)Indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Allowed values are: "internal" (There is evidence within the document to support the intervention.), "external" (There is evidence outside the document to support the intervention.), "conjecture" (The assertion has been made by the editor, cataloguer, or scholar on the basis of their expertise.)
extent(optional)Captures a measurement, count, or description. When extent contains a numeric value, use the unit attribute to indicate the measurement unit. Value of datatype string.
facs(optional)Permits the current element to reference a facsimile surface or image zone which corresponds to it. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
follows(optional)points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be predecessors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
hand(optional)Signifies the hand responsible for an action. The value must be the ID of a hand element declared in the header. Value conforms to data.URI.
label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it's attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value of datatype string.
max(optional)Where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range of values, supplies the maximum value observed. Value of datatype decimal.
min(optional)Where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range of values, supplies the minimum value observed. Value of datatype decimal.
n(optional)Provides a number-like designation that indicates an element's position in a sequence of similar elements. May not contain space characters. Value conforms to data.WORD.
next(optional)Used to point to the next event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
precedes(optional)Points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be successors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
prev(optional)Points to the previous event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
reason(optional)Holds a short phrase describing the reason for missing textual material (gap), why material is supplied (supplied), or why transcription is difficult (unclear). Value of datatype string.
resp(optional)Indicates the agent(s) responsible for some aspect of the text's transcription, editing, or encoding. Its value must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
sameas(optional)Points to an element that is the same as the current element but is not a literal copy of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
source(optional)Contains a list of one or more pointers indicating the sources which attest to a given reading. Each value should correspond to the ID of a source or manifestationelement located in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
synch(optional)Points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
translit(optional)Specifies the transliteration technique used. Value of datatype NMTOKEN.
type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
unit(optional)Indicates the unit of measurement. Allowed values are: "byte" (Byte.), "char" (Character.), "cm" (Centimeter.), "deg" (Degree.), "in" (Inch.), "issue" (Serial issue.), "ft" (Foot.), "m" (Meter.), "mm" (Millimeter.), "page" (Page.), "pc" (Pica.), "pt" (Point.), "px" (Pixel.), "rad" (Radian.), "record" (Record.), "vol" (Serial volume.), "vu" (MEI virtual unit.)
xml:base(optional)Provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references. Value conforms to data.URI.
xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value of datatype ID.
xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
(MEI.shared) Attributes common to many elements.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that form the basis of the att.common class.
xml:base(optional)Provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references. Value conforms to data.URI.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that uniquely identify an element.
xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value of datatype ID.
(MEI.shared)
label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it's attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value of datatype string.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that specify element-to-element relationships.
copyof(optional)Points to an element of which the current element is a copy. Value conforms to data.URI.
corresp(optional)Used to point to other elements that correspond to this one in a generic fashion. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
follows(optional)points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be predecessors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
next(optional)Used to point to the next event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
precedes(optional)Points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be successors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
prev(optional)Points to the previous event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
sameas(optional)Points to an element that is the same as the current element but is not a literal copy of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
synch(optional)Points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes used to supply a number-like designation for an element.
n(optional)Provides a number-like designation that indicates an element's position in a sequence of similar elements. May not contain space characters. Value conforms to data.WORD.
(MEI.shared) Attributes capturing information regarding responsibility for some aspect of the text's creation, transcription, editing, or encoding.
resp(optional)Indicates the agent(s) responsible for some aspect of the text's transcription, editing, or encoding. Its value must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which can be used to classify features.
type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which can be used to classify features.
class(optional)Contains one or more URIs which denote classification terms that apply to the entity bearing this attribute. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.edittrans) Attributes for the identification of a causative agent.
agent(optional)Signifies the causative agent of damage, illegibility, or other loss of original text. Value of datatype string.
(MEI.edittrans) Attributes describing the nature of an encoded scholarly intervention or interpretation.
(MEI.shared) Attributes common to elements that may refer to a source.
source(optional)Contains a list of one or more pointers indicating the sources which attest to a given reading. Each value should correspond to the ID of a source or manifestationelement located in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes describing the support for and the certainty of an assertion.
cert(optional)Signifies the degree of certainty or precision associated with a feature. Value conforms to data.CERTAINTY.
evidence(optional)Indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Allowed values are: "internal" (There is evidence within the document to support the intervention.), "external" (There is evidence outside the document to support the intervention.), "conjecture" (The assertion has been made by the editor, cataloguer, or scholar on the basis of their expertise.)
(MEI.shared) Provides attributes for describing the size of an entity.
extent(optional)Captures a measurement, count, or description. When extent contains a numeric value, use the unit attribute to indicate the measurement unit. Value of datatype string.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that record the unit of measurement in which a value is expressed.
unit(optional)Indicates the unit of measurement. Allowed values are: "byte" (Byte.), "char" (Character.), "cm" (Centimeter.), "deg" (Degree.), "in" (Inch.), "issue" (Serial issue.), "ft" (Foot.), "m" (Meter.), "mm" (Millimeter.), "page" (Page.), "pc" (Pica.), "pt" (Point.), "px" (Pixel.), "rad" (Radian.), "record" (Record.), "vol" (Serial volume.), "vu" (MEI virtual unit.)
(MEI.shared) Groups attributes that describe a numerical range.
atleast(optional)Gives a minimum estimated value for an approximate measurement. Value of datatype decimal.
atmost(optional)Gives a maximum estimated value for an approximate measurement. Value of datatype decimal.
min(optional)Where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range of values, supplies the minimum value observed. Value of datatype decimal.
max(optional)Where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range of values, supplies the maximum value observed. Value of datatype decimal.
confidence(optional)Specifies the degree of statistical confidence (between zero and one) that a value falls within the range specified by min and max, or the proportion of observed values that fall within that range. Value conforms to data.CONFIDENCE.
(MEI.facsimile) Attributes that associate a feature corresponding with all or part of an image.
facs(optional)Permits the current element to reference a facsimile surface or image zone which corresponds to it. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which identify a document hand.
hand(optional)Signifies the hand responsible for an action. The value must be the ID of a hand element declared in the header. Value conforms to data.URI.
(MEI.shared) Language attributes common to text elements.
xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
translit(optional)Specifies the transliteration technique used. Value of datatype NMTOKEN.
(MEI.edittrans) Attributes that identify the reason why an editorial feature is used.
reason(optional)Holds a short phrase describing the reason for missing textual material (gap), why material is supplied (supplied), or why transcription is difficult (unclear). Value of datatype string.
Editorial and transcriptional component declarations.
agent(optional)Signifies the causative agent of damage, illegibility, or other loss of original text. Value of datatype string.
reason(optional)Holds a short phrase describing the reason for missing textual material (gap), why material is supplied (supplied), or why transcription is difficult (unclear). Value of datatype string.
Facsimile component declarations.
facs(optional)Permits the current element to reference a facsimile surface or image zone which corresponds to it. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
Component declarations that are shared between two or more modules.
atleast(optional)Gives a minimum estimated value for an approximate measurement. Value of datatype decimal.
atmost(optional)Gives a maximum estimated value for an approximate measurement. Value of datatype decimal.
cert(optional)Signifies the degree of certainty or precision associated with a feature. Value conforms to data.CERTAINTY.
class(optional)Contains one or more URIs which denote classification terms that apply to the entity bearing this attribute. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
confidence(optional)Specifies the degree of statistical confidence (between zero and one) that a value falls within the range specified by min and max, or the proportion of observed values that fall within that range. Value conforms to data.CONFIDENCE.
copyof(optional)Points to an element of which the current element is a copy. Value conforms to data.URI.
corresp(optional)Used to point to other elements that correspond to this one in a generic fashion. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
evidence(optional)Indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Allowed values are: "internal" (There is evidence within the document to support the intervention.), "external" (There is evidence outside the document to support the intervention.), "conjecture" (The assertion has been made by the editor, cataloguer, or scholar on the basis of their expertise.)
extent(optional)Captures a measurement, count, or description. When extent contains a numeric value, use the unit attribute to indicate the measurement unit. Value of datatype string.
follows(optional)points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be predecessors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
hand(optional)Signifies the hand responsible for an action. The value must be the ID of a hand element declared in the header. Value conforms to data.URI.
label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it's attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value of datatype string.
max(optional)Where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range of values, supplies the maximum value observed. Value of datatype decimal.
min(optional)Where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range of values, supplies the minimum value observed. Value of datatype decimal.
n(optional)Provides a number-like designation that indicates an element's position in a sequence of similar elements. May not contain space characters. Value conforms to data.WORD.
next(optional)Used to point to the next event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
precedes(optional)Points to one or more events in a user-defined collection that are known to be successors of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
prev(optional)Points to the previous event(s) in a user-defined collection. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
resp(optional)Indicates the agent(s) responsible for some aspect of the text's transcription, editing, or encoding. Its value must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
sameas(optional)Points to an element that is the same as the current element but is not a literal copy of the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
source(optional)Contains a list of one or more pointers indicating the sources which attest to a given reading. Each value should correspond to the ID of a source or manifestationelement located in the document header. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
synch(optional)Points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
translit(optional)Specifies the transliteration technique used. Value of datatype NMTOKEN.
type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
unit(optional)Indicates the unit of measurement. Allowed values are: "byte" (Byte.), "char" (Character.), "cm" (Centimeter.), "deg" (Degree.), "in" (Inch.), "issue" (Serial issue.), "ft" (Foot.), "m" (Meter.), "mm" (Millimeter.), "page" (Page.), "pc" (Pica.), "pt" (Point.), "px" (Pixel.), "rad" (Radian.), "record" (Record.), "vol" (Serial volume.), "vu" (MEI virtual unit.)
xml:base(optional)Provides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references. Value conforms to data.URI.
xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value of datatype ID.
xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
Member of
model.choicePartGroups elements that may appear as part of the content of a choice element.
model.transcriptionLikeGroups elements used for editorial transcription of pre-existing source materials.
Contained by
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements that may appear as part of the content of a choice element.
choiceGroups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements used for editorial transcription of pre-existing source materials.
abbr(abbreviation) – A generic element for 1) a shortened form of a word, including an acronym or 2) a shorthand notation.
add(addition) – Marks an addition to the text.
addName(additional name) – Contains an additional name component, such as a nickname, epithet, or alias, or any other descriptive phrase used within a personal name.
addrLine(address line) – Single line of a postal address.
anchoredTextContainer for text that is fixed to a particular page location, regardless of changes made to the layout of the measures around it.
annot(annotation) – Provides a statement explaining the text or indicating the basis for an assertion.
attaccaAn instruction to begin the next section or movement of a composition without pause.
beamA container for a series of explicitly beamed events that begins and ends entirely within a measure.
blocContains the name of a geopolitical unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries.
captionA label which accompanies an illustration or a table.
chordA simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
contentItemContains a single entry within a content description element.
corpName(corporate name) – Identifies an organization or group of people that acts as a single entity.
corr(correction) – Contains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
countryContains the name of a geopolitical unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc.
cpMark(copy/colla parte mark) – A verbal or graphical indication to copy musical material written elsewhere.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
del(deletion) – Contains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
desc(description) – Container for text that briefly describes the feature to which it is attached, including its intended usage, purpose, or application as appropriate.
dir(directive) – An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols — such as segno and coda symbols, fermatas over a bar line, etc., typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like tempo or dynam.
districtContains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit.
dynam(dynamic) – Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
endingAlternative ending for a repeated passage of music; i.e., prima volta, seconda volta, etc.
expan(expansion) – Contains the expansion of an abbreviation.
f(figure) – Single element of a figured bass indication.
famName(family name) – Contains a family (inherited) name, as opposed to a given, baptismal, or nick name.
fb(figured bass) – Symbols added to a bass line that indicate harmony. Used to improvise a chordal accompaniment. Sometimes called Generalbass, thoroughbass, or basso continuo.
fingfinger – An individual finger in a fingering indication.
fingGrp(finger group)– A group of individual fingers in a fingering indication.
foreNameContains a forename, given or baptismal name.
genName(generational name component) – Contains a name component used to distinguish otherwise similar names on the basis of the relative ages or generations of the persons named.
geogFeat(geographical feature name) – Contains a common noun identifying a geographical feature.
geogName(geographic name) – The proper noun designation for a place, natural feature, or political jurisdiction.
graceGrpA container for a sequence of grace notes.
harm(harmony) – An indication of harmony, e.g., chord names, tablature grids, harmonic analysis, figured bass.
head(heading) – Contains any heading, for example, the title of a section of text, or the heading of a list.
identifierAn alpha-numeric string that establishes the identity of the described material.
imprintInformation relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.
keySig(key signature) – Written key signature.
l(line of text) – Contains a single line of text within a line group.
labelA container for document text that identifies the feature to which it is attached. For a "tool tip" or other generated label, use the label attribute.
labelAbbrA label on the pages following the first.
layerAn independent stream of events on a staff.
lem(lemma) – Contains the lemma, or base text, of a textual variation.
li(list item) – Single item in a list.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
measureUnit of musical time consisting of a fixed number of note values of a given type, as determined by the prevailing meter, and delimited in musical notation by bar lines.
metaMarkA graphical or textual statement with additional / explanatory information about the musical text. The textual consequences of this intervention are encoded independently via other means; that is, with elements such as <add>, <del>, etc.
nameProper noun or noun phrase.
nameLink(name link) – Contains a connecting phrase or link used within a name but not regarded as part of it, such as "van der" or "of", "from", etc.
ncSign representing a single pitched event, although the exact pitch may not be known.
ncGrpCollection of one or more neume components.
neumeSign representing one or more musical pitches.
noteA single pitched event.
num(number) – Numeric information in any form.
oLayer(ossia layer) – A layer that contains an alternative to material in another layer.
oStaff(ossia staff) – A staff that holds an alternative passage which may be played instead of the original material.
orig(original) – Contains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
ornamAn element indicating an ornament that is not a mordent, turn, or trill.
partAn alternative visual rendition of the score from the point of view of a particular performer (or group of performers).
periodName(period name) – A label that describes a period of time, such as 'Baroque' or '3rd Style period'.
persName(personal name) – Designation for an individual, including any or all of that individual's forenames, surnames, honorific titles, and added names.
pgFoot(page footer) – A running footer on the first page. Also, used to temporarily override a running footer on individual pages.
pgFoot2(page footer 2) – A running footer on the pages following the first.
pgHead(page header) – A running header on the first page. Also, used to temporarily override a running header on individual pages.
pgHead2(page header 2) – A running header on the pages following the first.
postBox(postal box or post office box) contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address.
postCode(postal code) contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail.
rdg(reading) – Contains a single reading within a textual variation.
reg(regularization) – Contains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
regionContains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country.
rend(render) – A formatting element indicating special visual rendering, e.g., bold or italicized, of a text word or phrase.
restA non-sounding event found in the source being transcribed.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
roleName(role name) – Contains a name component which indicates that the referent has a particular role or position in society, such as an official title or rank.
scoreFull score view of the musical content.
sectionSegment of music data.
seg(arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the "text component" level.
settlementContains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geopolitical or administrative unit.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
signifLetSignificantive letter(s).
speakerContains a specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment.
staffA group of equidistant horizontal lines on which notes are placed in order to represent pitch or a grouping element for individual 'strands' of notes, rests, etc. that may or may not actually be rendered on staff lines; that is, both diastematic and non-diastematic signs.
stageDir(stage direction) – Contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.
streetfull street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located.
styleName(style name) – A label for a characteristic style of writing or performance, such as 'bebop' or 'rock-n-roll'.
subst(substitution) – Groups transcriptional elements when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
syl(syllable) – Individual lyric syllable.
syllableNeume notation can be thought of as "neumed text". Therefore, the syllable element provides high-level organization in this repertoire.
td(table data) – Designates a table cell that contains data as opposed to a cell that contains column or row heading information.
tempoText and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
th(table header) – Designates a table cell containing column or row heading information as opposed to one containing data.
titleTitle of a bibliographic entity.
titlePageContains a transcription of the title page of a text.
titlePartContains a subsection or division of the title of a bibliographic entity.
tupletA group of notes with "irregular" (sometimes called "irrational") rhythmic values, for example, three notes in the time normally occupied by two or nine in the time of five.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements which may appear as part of the paragraph content model. A paragraph may contain inline elements and all other block-level elements except itself.
epigraphContains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing on a title page.
imprimaturContains a formal statement authorizing the publication of a work, sometimes required to appear on a title page or its verso.
p(paragraph) – One or more text phrases that form a logical prose passage.
quote(quoted material) – Contains a paragraph-like block of text attributed to an external source, normally set off from the surrounding text by spacing or other typographic distinction.
Common Music Notation (CMN) repertoire component declarations.
attaccaAn instruction to begin the next section or movement of a composition without pause.
beamA container for a series of explicitly beamed events that begins and ends entirely within a measure.
graceGrpA container for a sequence of grace notes.
measureUnit of musical time consisting of a fixed number of note values of a given type, as determined by the prevailing meter, and delimited in musical notation by bar lines.
oLayer(ossia layer) – A layer that contains an alternative to material in another layer.
oStaff(ossia staff) – A staff that holds an alternative passage which may be played instead of the original material.
tupletA group of notes with "irregular" (sometimes called "irrational") rhythmic values, for example, three notes in the time normally occupied by two or nine in the time of five.
Critical apparatus component declarations.
lem(lemma) – Contains the lemma, or base text, of a textual variation.
rdg(reading) – Contains a single reading within a textual variation.
Dramatic text component declarations.
stageDir(stage direction) – Contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.
Editorial and transcriptional component declarations.
abbr(abbreviation) – A generic element for 1) a shortened form of a word, including an acronym or 2) a shorthand notation.
add(addition) – Marks an addition to the text.
choiceGroups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.
corr(correction) – Contains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
cpMark(copy/colla parte mark) – A verbal or graphical indication to copy musical material written elsewhere.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
del(deletion) – Contains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
expan(expansion) – Contains the expansion of an abbreviation.
metaMarkA graphical or textual statement with additional / explanatory information about the musical text. The textual consequences of this intervention are encoded independently via other means; that is, with elements such as <add>, <del>, etc.
orig(original) – Contains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
reg(regularization) – Contains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
subst(substitution) – Groups transcriptional elements when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
Figures and tables component declarations.
td(table data) – Designates a table cell that contains data as opposed to a cell that contains column or row heading information.
th(table header) – Designates a table cell containing column or row heading information as opposed to one containing data.
Fingering component declarations.
fingfinger – An individual finger in a fingering indication.
fingGrp(finger group)– A group of individual fingers in a fingering indication.
Harmony component declarations.
f(figure) – Single element of a figured bass indication.
fb(figured bass) – Symbols added to a bass line that indicate harmony. Used to improvise a chordal accompaniment. Sometimes called Generalbass, thoroughbass, or basso continuo.
harm(harmony) – An indication of harmony, e.g., chord names, tablature grids, harmonic analysis, figured bass.
Metadata header component declarations.
contentItemContains a single entry within a content description element.
Mensural repertoire component declarations.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
Names and dates component declarations.
addName(additional name) – Contains an additional name component, such as a nickname, epithet, or alias, or any other descriptive phrase used within a personal name.
blocContains the name of a geopolitical unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries.
corpName(corporate name) – Identifies an organization or group of people that acts as a single entity.
countryContains the name of a geopolitical unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc.
districtContains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit.
famName(family name) – Contains a family (inherited) name, as opposed to a given, baptismal, or nick name.
foreNameContains a forename, given or baptismal name.
genName(generational name component) – Contains a name component used to distinguish otherwise similar names on the basis of the relative ages or generations of the persons named.
geogFeat(geographical feature name) – Contains a common noun identifying a geographical feature.
geogName(geographic name) – The proper noun designation for a place, natural feature, or political jurisdiction.
nameLink(name link) – Contains a connecting phrase or link used within a name but not regarded as part of it, such as "van der" or "of", "from", etc.
periodName(period name) – A label that describes a period of time, such as 'Baroque' or '3rd Style period'.
persName(personal name) – Designation for an individual, including any or all of that individual's forenames, surnames, honorific titles, and added names.
postBox(postal box or post office box) contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address.
postCode(postal code) contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail.
regionContains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country.
roleName(role name) – Contains a name component which indicates that the referent has a particular role or position in society, such as an official title or rank.
settlementContains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geopolitical or administrative unit.
streetfull street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located.
styleName(style name) – A label for a characteristic style of writing or performance, such as 'bebop' or 'rock-n-roll'.
Neume repertoire component declarations.
ncSign representing a single pitched event, although the exact pitch may not be known.
ncGrpCollection of one or more neume components.
neumeSign representing one or more musical pitches.
signifLetSignificantive letter(s).
syllableNeume notation can be thought of as "neumed text". Therefore, the syllable element provides high-level organization in this repertoire.
Component declarations that are shared between two or more modules.
addrLine(address line) – Single line of a postal address.
annot(annotation) – Provides a statement explaining the text or indicating the basis for an assertion.
captionA label which accompanies an illustration or a table.
chordA simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
desc(description) – Container for text that briefly describes the feature to which it is attached, including its intended usage, purpose, or application as appropriate.
dir(directive) – An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols — such as segno and coda symbols, fermatas over a bar line, etc., typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like tempo or dynam.
dynam(dynamic) – Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
endingAlternative ending for a repeated passage of music; i.e., prima volta, seconda volta, etc.
head(heading) – Contains any heading, for example, the title of a section of text, or the heading of a list.
identifierAn alpha-numeric string that establishes the identity of the described material.
imprintInformation relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.
keySig(key signature) – Written key signature.
labelA container for document text that identifies the feature to which it is attached. For a "tool tip" or other generated label, use the label attribute.
labelAbbrA label on the pages following the first.
layerAn independent stream of events on a staff.
nameProper noun or noun phrase.
noteA single pitched event.
num(number) – Numeric information in any form.
ornamAn element indicating an ornament that is not a mordent, turn, or trill.
p(paragraph) – One or more text phrases that form a logical prose passage.
partAn alternative visual rendition of the score from the point of view of a particular performer (or group of performers).
pgFoot(page footer) – A running footer on the first page. Also, used to temporarily override a running footer on individual pages.
pgFoot2(page footer 2) – A running footer on the pages following the first.
pgHead(page header) – A running header on the first page. Also, used to temporarily override a running header on individual pages.
pgHead2(page header 2) – A running header on the pages following the first.
rend(render) – A formatting element indicating special visual rendering, e.g., bold or italicized, of a text word or phrase.
restA non-sounding event found in the source being transcribed.
scoreFull score view of the musical content.
sectionSegment of music data.
speakerContains a specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment.
staffA group of equidistant horizontal lines on which notes are placed in order to represent pitch or a grouping element for individual 'strands' of notes, rests, etc. that may or may not actually be rendered on staff lines; that is, both diastematic and non-diastematic signs.
syl(syllable) – Individual lyric syllable.
tempoText and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
titleTitle of a bibliographic entity.
titlePageContains a transcription of the title page of a text.
titlePartContains a subsection or division of the title of a bibliographic entity.
Text component declarations.
epigraphContains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing on a title page.
imprimaturContains a formal statement authorizing the publication of a work, sometimes required to appear on a title page or its verso.
l(line of text) – Contains a single line of text within a line group.
li(list item) – Single item in a list.
quote(quoted material) – Contains a paragraph-like block of text attributed to an external source, normally set off from the surrounding text by spacing or other typographic distinction.
seg(arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the "text component" level.
User-defined symbols component declarations.
anchoredTextContainer for text that is fixed to a particular page location, regardless of changes made to the layout of the measures around it.
May Contain
textual content
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements for editorial interventions that may be useful both in transcribing and in authoring processes.
choiceGroups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.
subst(substitution) – Groups transcriptional elements when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text.
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements that may appear as part of editorial and transcription elements.
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements that may appear as part of editorial and transcription elements in music notation.
voltaSung text for a specific iteration of a repeated section of music.
(MEI.cmn) Groups control events that appear in CMN.
arpeg(arpeggiation) – Indicates that the notes of a chord are to be performed successively rather than simultaneously, usually from lowest to highest. Sometimes called a "roll".
attaccaAn instruction to begin the next section or movement of a composition without pause.
beamSpan(beam span) – Alternative element for explicitly encoding beams, particularly those which extend across bar lines.
bracketSpanMarks a sequence of notational events grouped by a bracket.
breath(breath mark) – An indication of a point at which the performer on an instrument requiring breath (including the voice) may breathe.
fermataAn indication placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be held longer than its written value. May also occur over a bar line to indicate the end of a phrase or section. Sometimes called a 'hold' or 'pause'.
hairpinIndicates continuous dynamics expressed on the score as wedge-shaped graphics, e.g. < and >.
harpPedal(harp pedal) – Harp pedal diagram.
lvA "tie-like" indication that a note should ring beyond its written duration.
octaveAn indication that a passage should be performed one or more octaves above or below its written pitch.
pedalPiano pedal mark.
reh(rehearsal mark) – In an orchestral score and its corresponding parts, a mark indicating a convenient point from which to resume rehearsal after a break.
slurIndication of 1) a "unified melodic idea" or 2) performance technique.
tieAn indication that two notes of the same pitch form a single note with their combined rhythmic values.
tupletSpan(tuplet span) – Alternative element for encoding tuplets, especially useful for tuplets that extend across bar lines.
(MEI.cmnOrnaments) Groups CMN ornament elements.
mordentAn ornament indicating rapid alternation of the main note with a secondary note, usually a step below, but sometimes a step above.
trillRapid alternation of a note with another (usually at the interval of a second above).
turnAn ornament consisting of four notes — the upper neighbor of the written note, the written note, the lower neighbor, and the written note.
(MEI.lyrics) Groups elements that contain a lyric verse.
refrainRecurring lyrics, especially at the end of each verse or stanza of a poem or song lyrics; a chorus.
verseDivision of a poem or song lyrics, sometimes having a fixed length, meter or rhyme scheme; a stanza.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements, such as dynamics, ties, phrase marks, pedal marks, etc., which depend upon other events, such as notes or rests, for their existence.
bendA variation in pitch (often micro-tonal) upwards or downwards during the course of a note.
caesuraBreak, pause, or interruption in the normal tempo of a composition. Typically indicated by "railroad tracks", i.e., two diagonal slashes.
cpMark(copy/colla parte mark) – A verbal or graphical indication to copy musical material written elsewhere.
dir(directive) – An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols — such as segno and coda symbols, fermatas over a bar line, etc., typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like tempo or dynam.
dynam(dynamic) – Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
gliss(glissando) – A continuous or sliding movement from one pitch to another, usually indicated by a straight or wavy line.
metaMarkA graphical or textual statement with additional / explanatory information about the musical text. The textual consequences of this intervention are encoded independently via other means; that is, with elements such as <add>, <del>, etc.
ornamAn element indicating an ornament that is not a mordent, turn, or trill.
phraseIndication of 1) a "unified melodic idea" or 2) performance technique.
sp(speech) – Contains an individual speech in a performance text.
tempoText and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
(MEI.drama) Groups elements containing stage directions in performance texts.
stageDir(stage direction) – Contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.
(MEI.fingering) Groups elements that capture performance instructions regarding the use of the fingers of the hand (or a subset of them).
fingfinger – An individual finger in a fingering indication.
fingGrp(finger group)– A group of individual fingers in a fingering indication.
(MEI.harmony) Groups harmonic elements that function as control events; that is, those events that modify or otherwise depend on the existence of notated events.
(MEI.harmony) Groups elements that record indications of harmony.
harm(harmony) – An indication of harmony, e.g., chord names, tablature grids, harmonic analysis, figured bass.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that function as notational layers within a staff.
layerAn independent stream of events on a staff.
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements that may appear as part of editorial and transcription elements in prose.
(MEI.shared) Groups block-level text elements.
(MEI.figtable) Groups table-like elements.
tableContains text displayed in tabular form.
(MEI.shared) Groups paragraph-like elements.
p(paragraph) – One or more text phrases that form a logical prose passage.
(MEI.text) Groups elements that have a line-grouping function.
lg(line group) – May be used for any section of text that is organized as a group of lines; however, it is most often used for a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.
(MEI.text) Groups list-like elements.
biblListList of bibliographic references.
castListContains a single cast list or dramatis personae.
eventListContains historical information given as a sequence of significant past events.
listA formatting element that contains a series of items separated from one another and arranged in a linear, often vertical, sequence.
(MEI.text) Groups elements used to directly contain quotations.
quote(quoted material) – Contains a paragraph-like block of text attributed to an external source, normally set off from the surrounding text by spacing or other typographic distinction.
(MEI.shared) Groups textual elements that occur at the level of individual words or phrases. This class is equivalent to the model.textPhraseLike class without the pb element.
dedicateeEntity to whom a creative work is formally offered.
dimensionsInformation about the physical size of an entity; usually includes numerical data.
extentUsed to express size in terms other than physical dimensions, such as number of pages, records, bytes, physical components, etc.
seg(arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the "text component" level.
symbolA reference to a previously defined symbol.
termKeyword or phrase which describes a resource.
(MEI.figtable) Groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration or figure.
fig(figure) – Groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration or figure.
(MEI.msDesc) Groups elements that may appear inline when the msdesc module is active.
catchwordsDescribes the system used to ensure correct ordering of the quires making up an item, typically by means of annotations at the foot of the page.
fingerprintContains a string that uniquely identifies an item, such as those constructed by combining groups of characters transcribed from specified pages of a printed item or a file's checksum.
heraldryContains a heraldic formula or phrase, typically found as part of a blazon, coat of arms, etc.
locusDefines a location within a manuscript or manuscript component, usually as a (possibly discontinuous) sequence of folio references.
locusGrp(locus group) – Groups locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript or manuscript part, according to a specific foliation.
secFolio(second folio) – Marks the word or words taken from a fixed point in a codex (typically the beginning of the second leaf) in order to provide a unique identifier for the item.
signaturesProvides a description of the leaf or quire signatures found within a codex.
stampContains a word or phrase describing an official mark indicating ownership, genuineness, validity, etc.
watermarkContains a description of a watermark or similar device.
(MEI.namesdates) Groups elements used as part of a physical address.
postBox(postal box or post office box) contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address.
postCode(postal code) contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail.
streetfull street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located.
(MEI.namesdates) Groups elements which form part of a geographic name.
blocContains the name of a geopolitical unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries.
countryContains the name of a geopolitical unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc.
districtContains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit.
geogFeat(geographical feature name) – Contains a common noun identifying a geographical feature.
regionContains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country.
settlementContains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geopolitical or administrative unit.
(MEI.namesdates) Groups elements that serve as stylistic labels.
periodName(period name) – A label that describes a period of time, such as 'Baroque' or '3rd Style period'.
styleName(style name) – A label for a characteristic style of writing or performance, such as 'bebop' or 'rock-n-roll'.
(MEI.ptrref) Groups elements used for purposes of location and reference.
ptr(pointer) – Defines a traversible pointer to another location, using only attributes to describe the destination.
ref(reference) – Defines a traversible reference to another location. May contain text and sub-elements that describe the destination.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements used to represent a postal address.
addressContains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.
(MEI.shared) Groups annotation-like elements.
annot(annotation) – Provides a statement explaining the text or indicating the basis for an assertion.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements containing a bibliographic description.
bibl(bibliographic reference) – Provides a loosely-structured bibliographic citation in which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly marked.
biblStruct(structured bibliographic citation) – Contains a bibliographic citation in which bibliographic sub-elements must appear in a specified order.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements containing date expressions.
dateA string identifying a point in time or the time period between two such points.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements which describe a measurement forming part of the physical dimensions of an object.
depthDescription of a measurement taken through a three-dimensional object.
dim(dimension) – Any single dimensional specification.
heightDescription of the vertical size of an object.
widthDescription of the horizontal size of an object.
(MEI.shared) Groups editorial intervention elements.
abbr(abbreviation) – A generic element for 1) a shortened form of a word, including an acronym or 2) a shorthand notation.
expan(expansion) – Contains the expansion of an abbreviation.
(MEI.shared) Groups identifier-like elements.
identifierAn alpha-numeric string that establishes the identity of the described material.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that function like line beginnings.
lb(line beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new line.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that represent a measurement.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that denote a number or a quantity.
num(number) – Numeric information in any form.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that contain names.
nameProper noun or noun phrase.
(MEI.namesdates) Groups elements which contain names of individuals or corporate bodies.
corpName(corporate name) – Identifies an organization or group of people that acts as a single entity.
persName(personal name) – Designation for an individual, including any or all of that individual's forenames, surnames, honorific titles, and added names.
(MEI.namesdates) Groups place name elements.
(MEI.namesdates) Groups geographic name elements.
geogName(geographic name) – The proper noun designation for a place, natural feature, or political jurisdiction.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that denote a corporate entity that holds a bibliographic item.
repositoryInstitution, agency, or individual which holds a bibliographic item.
(MEI.shared) Collects elements that express a relationship.
relationDescribes a relationship or linkage amongst entities.
relationListGathers relation elements.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that mark typographical features.
rend(render) – A formatting element indicating special visual rendering, e.g., bold or italicized, of a text word or phrase.
stack(stacked text) – An inline table with a single column.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that denote the name of a bibliographic item.
titleTitle of a bibliographic entity.
(MEI.text) Groups elements related to highlighting which can appear at the phrase-level.
q(quoted) – Contains material which is distinguished from the surrounding phrase-level text using quotation marks or a similar method. Use quote for block-level quotations.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that contain a lyric syllable.
syl(syllable) – Individual lyric syllable.
(MEI.edittrans) Groups elements used for editorial transcription of pre-existing source materials.
add(addition) – Marks an addition to the text.
corr(correction) – Contains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
del(deletion) – Contains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
gapIndicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether as part of sampling practice or for editorial reasons described in the MEI header.
handShiftMarks the beginning of a passage written in a new hand, or of a change in the scribe, writing style, ink or character of the document hand.
orig(original) – Contains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
reg(regularization) – Contains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
(MEI.harmony) Groups elements that represent single figured bass elements.
f(figure) – Single element of a figured bass indication.
(MEI.neumes) Groups elements that modify neume components.
liquescentLiquescent.
oriscusOriscus.
quilismaQuilisma.
strophicusStrophicus.
(MEI.neumes) Groups elements that modify neume-like features.
episemaEpisema.
hispanTickHispanic tick.
signifLetSignificantive letter(s).
(MEI.neumes) Groups elements that may occur within a neume.
ncSign representing a single pitched event, although the exact pitch may not be known.
ncGrpCollection of one or more neume components.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that represent accidentals in a key signature.
keyAccid(key accidental) – Accidental in a key signature.
(MEI.shared) Groups notated events that may appear at the layer level in all repertoires.
(MEI.cmn) Groups notated events that may appear at the layer level in CMN.
(MEI.cmn) Groups events that appear in CMN.
bTrem(bowed tremolo) – A rapid alternation on a single pitch or chord.
beamA container for a series of explicitly beamed events that begins and ends entirely within a measure.
beatRpt(beat repeat) – An indication that material on a preceding beat should be repeated.
fTrem(fingered tremolo) – A rapid alternation between a pair of notes (or chords or perhaps between a note and a chord) that are (usually) farther apart than a major second.
graceGrpA container for a sequence of grace notes.
halfmRpt(half-measure repeat) – A half-measure repeat in any meter.
tupletA group of notes with "irregular" (sometimes called "irrational") rhythmic values, for example, three notes in the time normally occupied by two or nine in the time of five.
(MEI.cmn) Groups events that completely fill a CMN measure.
mRest(measure rest) – Complete measure rest in any meter.
mRpt(measure repeat) – An indication that the previous measure should be repeated.
mRpt2(2-measure repeat) – An indication that the previous two measures should be repeated.
mSpace(measure space) – A measure containing only empty space in any meter.
multiRest(multiple rest) – Multiple measures of rest compressed into a single symbol, frequently found in performer parts.
multiRpt(multiple repeat) – Multiple repeated measures.
(MEI.shared) Groups event elements that occur in all notational repertoires.
barLineVertical line drawn through one or more staves that divides musical notation into metrical units.
chordA simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
clefIndication of the exact location of a particular note on the staff and, therefore, the other notes as well.
clefGrp(clef group) – A set of simultaneously-occurring clefs.
custosSymbol placed at the end of a line of music to indicate the first note of the next line. Sometimes called a "direct".
noteA single pitched event.
pad(padding) – An indication of extra visual space between notational elements.
restA non-sounding event found in the source being transcribed.
spaceA placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that have the same function as a key signature.
keySig(key signature) – Written key signature.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that represent a meter signature.
meterSig(meter signature) – Written meter signature.
meterSigGrp(meter signature group) – Used to capture alternating, interchanging, and mixed meter signatures.
(MEI.shared) Groups notated events at the layer level that are shared by the mensural and neume repertoires.
(MEI.mensural) Groups notated events that may appear at the layer level in the mensural repertoire.
(MEI.mensural) Groups event elements that occur in the mensural repertoire.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
mensur(mensuration) – Collects information about the metrical relationship between a note value and the next smaller value; that is, either triple or duple.
proport(proportion) – Description of note duration as arithmetic ratio.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that modify note-like features.
accid(accidental) – Records a temporary alteration to the pitch of a note.
artic(articulation) – An indication of how to play a note or chord.
dotDot of augmentation or division.
(MEI.midi) Groups elements which group MIDI-like elements.
midiContainer for elements that contain information useful when generating MIDI output.
(MEI.neumes) Groups notated events that may appear at the layer level in the neume repertoire.
(MEI.neumes) Groups event elements that occur in the neume repertoire.
neumeSign representing one or more musical pitches.
(MEI.neumes) Groups elements that accommodate neumed text.
syllableNeume notation can be thought of as "neumed text". Therefore, the syllable element provides high-level organization in this repertoire.
(MEI.shared) Groups milestone-style elements found in music notation.
cb(column beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces text to begin in a new column.
colLayout(column layout) – An empty formatting element that signals the start of columnar layout.
sb(system beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces musical notation to begin on a new line.
(MEI.shared) Groups page beginning-like elements.
pb(page beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new page.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that may appear as part of a section.
(MEI.cmn) Groups elements that may appear as part of a section.
(MEI.cmn) Groups CMN measure-like elements.
measureUnit of musical time consisting of a fixed number of note values of a given type, as determined by the prevailing meter, and delimited in musical notation by bar lines.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that represent alternative endings.
endingAlternative ending for a repeated passage of music; i.e., prima volta, seconda volta, etc.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that provide score meta-information.
scoreDef(score definition) – Container for score meta-information.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that represent a segment of music notation.
sectionSegment of music data.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that may appear as part of a section in the mensural and neume repertoires.
(MEI.mensural) Groups elements that may appear as part of a section in the mensural repertoire.
(MEI.neumes) Groups elements that may appear as part of a section in the neume repertoire.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that function like staves.
staffA group of equidistant horizontal lines on which notes are placed in order to represent pitch or a grouping element for individual 'strands' of notes, rests, etc. that may or may not actually be rendered on staff lines; that is, both diastematic and non-diastematic signs.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that permit declaration of staff properties.
staffDef(staff definition) – Container for staff meta-information.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that permit declaration of staff group properties.
staffGrp(staff group) – A group of bracketed or braced staves.
(MEI.text) Groups elements used to represent generic structural divisions of text.
div(division) – Major structural division of text, such as a preface, chapter or section.
(MEI.usersymbols) Groups elements that function as drawing primitives.
anchoredTextContainer for text that is fixed to a particular page location, regardless of changes made to the layout of the measures around it.
curveA curved line that cannot be represented by a more specific element, such as a slur.
lineA visual line that cannot be represented by a more specific; i.e., semantic, element.
textual content
Common Music Notation (CMN) repertoire component declarations.
arpeg(arpeggiation) – Indicates that the notes of a chord are to be performed successively rather than simultaneously, usually from lowest to highest. Sometimes called a "roll".
attaccaAn instruction to begin the next section or movement of a composition without pause.
bTrem(bowed tremolo) – A rapid alternation on a single pitch or chord.
beamA container for a series of explicitly beamed events that begins and ends entirely within a measure.
beamSpan(beam span) – Alternative element for explicitly encoding beams, particularly those which extend across bar lines.
beatRpt(beat repeat) – An indication that material on a preceding beat should be repeated.
bendA variation in pitch (often micro-tonal) upwards or downwards during the course of a note.
bracketSpanMarks a sequence of notational events grouped by a bracket.
breath(breath mark) – An indication of a point at which the performer on an instrument requiring breath (including the voice) may breathe.
fTrem(fingered tremolo) – A rapid alternation between a pair of notes (or chords or perhaps between a note and a chord) that are (usually) farther apart than a major second.
fermataAn indication placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be held longer than its written value. May also occur over a bar line to indicate the end of a phrase or section. Sometimes called a 'hold' or 'pause'.
gliss(glissando) – A continuous or sliding movement from one pitch to another, usually indicated by a straight or wavy line.
graceGrpA container for a sequence of grace notes.
hairpinIndicates continuous dynamics expressed on the score as wedge-shaped graphics, e.g. < and >.
halfmRpt(half-measure repeat) – A half-measure repeat in any meter.
harpPedal(harp pedal) – Harp pedal diagram.
lvA "tie-like" indication that a note should ring beyond its written duration.
mRest(measure rest) – Complete measure rest in any meter.
mRpt(measure repeat) – An indication that the previous measure should be repeated.
mRpt2(2-measure repeat) – An indication that the previous two measures should be repeated.
mSpace(measure space) – A measure containing only empty space in any meter.
measureUnit of musical time consisting of a fixed number of note values of a given type, as determined by the prevailing meter, and delimited in musical notation by bar lines.
meterSig(meter signature) – Written meter signature.
meterSigGrp(meter signature group) – Used to capture alternating, interchanging, and mixed meter signatures.
multiRest(multiple rest) – Multiple measures of rest compressed into a single symbol, frequently found in performer parts.
multiRpt(multiple repeat) – Multiple repeated measures.
octaveAn indication that a passage should be performed one or more octaves above or below its written pitch.
pedalPiano pedal mark.
reh(rehearsal mark) – In an orchestral score and its corresponding parts, a mark indicating a convenient point from which to resume rehearsal after a break.
slurIndication of 1) a "unified melodic idea" or 2) performance technique.
tieAn indication that two notes of the same pitch form a single note with their combined rhythmic values.
tupletA group of notes with "irregular" (sometimes called "irrational") rhythmic values, for example, three notes in the time normally occupied by two or nine in the time of five.
tupletSpan(tuplet span) – Alternative element for encoding tuplets, especially useful for tuplets that extend across bar lines.
CMN ornament component declarations.
mordentAn ornament indicating rapid alternation of the main note with a secondary note, usually a step below, but sometimes a step above.
trillRapid alternation of a note with another (usually at the interval of a second above).
turnAn ornament consisting of four notes — the upper neighbor of the written note, the written note, the lower neighbor, and the written note.
Dramatic text component declarations.
sp(speech) – Contains an individual speech in a performance text.
stageDir(stage direction) – Contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.
Editorial and transcriptional component declarations.
abbr(abbreviation) – A generic element for 1) a shortened form of a word, including an acronym or 2) a shorthand notation.
add(addition) – Marks an addition to the text.
choiceGroups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.
corr(correction) – Contains the correct form of an apparent erroneous passage.
cpMark(copy/colla parte mark) – A verbal or graphical indication to copy musical material written elsewhere.
damageContains an area of damage to the physical medium.
del(deletion) – Contains information deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.
expan(expansion) – Contains the expansion of an abbreviation.
gapIndicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether as part of sampling practice or for editorial reasons described in the MEI header.
handShiftMarks the beginning of a passage written in a new hand, or of a change in the scribe, writing style, ink or character of the document hand.
metaMarkA graphical or textual statement with additional / explanatory information about the musical text. The textual consequences of this intervention are encoded independently via other means; that is, with elements such as <add>, <del>, etc.
orig(original) – Contains material which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.
reg(regularization) – Contains material which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.
restoreIndicates restoration of material to an earlier state by cancellation of an editorial or authorial marking or instruction.
sicContains apparently incorrect or inaccurate material.
subst(substitution) – Groups transcriptional elements when the combination is to be regarded as a single intervention in the text.
suppliedContains material supplied by the transcriber or editor for any reason.
unclearContains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
Figures and tables component declarations.
fig(figure) – Groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration or figure.
tableContains text displayed in tabular form.
Fingering component declarations.
fingfinger – An individual finger in a fingering indication.
fingGrp(finger group)– A group of individual fingers in a fingering indication.
Harmony component declarations.
f(figure) – Single element of a figured bass indication.
harm(harmony) – An indication of harmony, e.g., chord names, tablature grids, harmonic analysis, figured bass.
Metadata header component declarations.
fingerprintContains a string that uniquely identifies an item, such as those constructed by combining groups of characters transcribed from specified pages of a printed item or a file's checksum.
watermarkContains a description of a watermark or similar device.
Lyrics component declarations.
refrainRecurring lyrics, especially at the end of each verse or stanza of a poem or song lyrics; a chorus.
verseDivision of a poem or song lyrics, sometimes having a fixed length, meter or rhyme scheme; a stanza.
voltaSung text for a specific iteration of a repeated section of music.
Mensural repertoire component declarations.
ligatureA mensural notation symbol that combines two or more notes into a single sign.
mensur(mensuration) – Collects information about the metrical relationship between a note value and the next smaller value; that is, either triple or duple.
proport(proportion) – Description of note duration as arithmetic ratio.
MIDI component declarations.
midiContainer for elements that contain information useful when generating MIDI output.
Manuscript description component declarations.
catchwordsDescribes the system used to ensure correct ordering of the quires making up an item, typically by means of annotations at the foot of the page.
heraldryContains a heraldic formula or phrase, typically found as part of a blazon, coat of arms, etc.
locusDefines a location within a manuscript or manuscript component, usually as a (possibly discontinuous) sequence of folio references.
locusGrp(locus group) – Groups locations which together form a distinct but discontinuous item within a manuscript or manuscript part, according to a specific foliation.
secFolio(second folio) – Marks the word or words taken from a fixed point in a codex (typically the beginning of the second leaf) in order to provide a unique identifier for the item.
signaturesProvides a description of the leaf or quire signatures found within a codex.
stampContains a word or phrase describing an official mark indicating ownership, genuineness, validity, etc.
Names and dates component declarations.
blocContains the name of a geopolitical unit consisting of two or more nation states or countries.
corpName(corporate name) – Identifies an organization or group of people that acts as a single entity.
countryContains the name of a geopolitical unit, such as a nation, country, colony, or commonwealth, larger than or administratively superior to a region and smaller than a bloc.
districtContains the name of any kind of subdivision of a settlement, such as a parish, ward, or other administrative or geographic unit.
geogFeat(geographical feature name) – Contains a common noun identifying a geographical feature.
geogName(geographic name) – The proper noun designation for a place, natural feature, or political jurisdiction.
periodName(period name) – A label that describes a period of time, such as 'Baroque' or '3rd Style period'.
persName(personal name) – Designation for an individual, including any or all of that individual's forenames, surnames, honorific titles, and added names.
postBox(postal box or post office box) contains a number or other identifier for some postal delivery point other than a street address.
postCode(postal code) contains a numerical or alphanumeric code used as part of a postal address to simplify sorting or delivery of mail.
regionContains the name of an administrative unit such as a state, province, or county, larger than a settlement, but smaller than a country.
settlementContains the name of a settlement such as a city, town, or village identified as a single geopolitical or administrative unit.
streetfull street address including any name or number identifying a building as well as the name of the street or route on which it is located.
styleName(style name) – A label for a characteristic style of writing or performance, such as 'bebop' or 'rock-n-roll'.
Neume repertoire component declarations.
episemaEpisema.
hispanTickHispanic tick.
liquescentLiquescent.
ncSign representing a single pitched event, although the exact pitch may not be known.
ncGrpCollection of one or more neume components.
neumeSign representing one or more musical pitches.
oriscusOriscus.
quilismaQuilisma.
signifLetSignificantive letter(s).
strophicusStrophicus.
syllableNeume notation can be thought of as "neumed text". Therefore, the syllable element provides high-level organization in this repertoire.
Pointer and reference component declarations.
ptr(pointer) – Defines a traversible pointer to another location, using only attributes to describe the destination.
ref(reference) – Defines a traversible reference to another location. May contain text and sub-elements that describe the destination.
Component declarations that are shared between two or more modules.
accid(accidental) – Records a temporary alteration to the pitch of a note.
addressContains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.
annot(annotation) – Provides a statement explaining the text or indicating the basis for an assertion.
artic(articulation) – An indication of how to play a note or chord.
barLineVertical line drawn through one or more staves that divides musical notation into metrical units.
bibl(bibliographic reference) – Provides a loosely-structured bibliographic citation in which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly marked.
biblListList of bibliographic references.
biblStruct(structured bibliographic citation) – Contains a bibliographic citation in which bibliographic sub-elements must appear in a specified order.
caesuraBreak, pause, or interruption in the normal tempo of a composition. Typically indicated by "railroad tracks", i.e., two diagonal slashes.
castListContains a single cast list or dramatis personae.
cb(column beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces text to begin in a new column.
chordA simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
clefIndication of the exact location of a particular note on the staff and, therefore, the other notes as well.
clefGrp(clef group) – A set of simultaneously-occurring clefs.
colLayout(column layout) – An empty formatting element that signals the start of columnar layout.
custosSymbol placed at the end of a line of music to indicate the first note of the next line. Sometimes called a "direct".
dateA string identifying a point in time or the time period between two such points.
dedicateeEntity to whom a creative work is formally offered.
depthDescription of a measurement taken through a three-dimensional object.
dim(dimension) – Any single dimensional specification.
dimensionsInformation about the physical size of an entity; usually includes numerical data.
dir(directive) – An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols — such as segno and coda symbols, fermatas over a bar line, etc., typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like tempo or dynam.
div(division) – Major structural division of text, such as a preface, chapter or section.
dotDot of augmentation or division.
dynam(dynamic) – Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
endingAlternative ending for a repeated passage of music; i.e., prima volta, seconda volta, etc.
eventListContains historical information given as a sequence of significant past events.
extentUsed to express size in terms other than physical dimensions, such as number of pages, records, bytes, physical components, etc.
heightDescription of the vertical size of an object.
identifierAn alpha-numeric string that establishes the identity of the described material.
keyAccid(key accidental) – Accidental in a key signature.
keySig(key signature) – Written key signature.
layerAn independent stream of events on a staff.
lb(line beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new line.
lg(line group) – May be used for any section of text that is organized as a group of lines; however, it is most often used for a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.
nameProper noun or noun phrase.
noteA single pitched event.
num(number) – Numeric information in any form.
ornamAn element indicating an ornament that is not a mordent, turn, or trill.
p(paragraph) – One or more text phrases that form a logical prose passage.
pad(padding) – An indication of extra visual space between notational elements.
pb(page beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new page.
phraseIndication of 1) a "unified melodic idea" or 2) performance technique.
relationDescribes a relationship or linkage amongst entities.
relationListGathers relation elements.
rend(render) – A formatting element indicating special visual rendering, e.g., bold or italicized, of a text word or phrase.
repositoryInstitution, agency, or individual which holds a bibliographic item.
restA non-sounding event found in the source being transcribed.
sb(system beginning) – An empty formatting element that forces musical notation to begin on a new line.
scoreDef(score definition) – Container for score meta-information.
sectionSegment of music data.
spaceA placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
stack(stacked text) – An inline table with a single column.
staffA group of equidistant horizontal lines on which notes are placed in order to represent pitch or a grouping element for individual 'strands' of notes, rests, etc. that may or may not actually be rendered on staff lines; that is, both diastematic and non-diastematic signs.
staffDef(staff definition) – Container for staff meta-information.
staffGrp(staff group) – A group of bracketed or braced staves.
syl(syllable) – Individual lyric syllable.
symbolA reference to a previously defined symbol.
tempoText and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
termKeyword or phrase which describes a resource.
titleTitle of a bibliographic entity.
widthDescription of the horizontal size of an object.
Text component declarations.
listA formatting element that contains a series of items separated from one another and arranged in a linear, often vertical, sequence.
q(quoted) – Contains material which is distinguished from the surrounding phrase-level text using quotation marks or a similar method. Use quote for block-level quotations.
quote(quoted material) – Contains a paragraph-like block of text attributed to an external source, normally set off from the surrounding text by spacing or other typographic distinction.
seg(arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the "text component" level.
User-defined symbols component declarations.
anchoredTextContainer for text that is fixed to a particular page location, regardless of changes made to the layout of the measures around it.
curveA curved line that cannot be represented by a more specific element, such as a slur.
lineA visual line that cannot be represented by a more specific; i.e., semantic, element.
Remarks

Where the difficulty in transcription arises from an identifiable cause, the agent attribute signifies the causative agent. The cert attribute signifies the degree of certainty ascribed to the transcription of the text contained within the unclear element. Where the difficulty in transcription arises from action (partial deletion, etc.) assignable to an identifiable hand, the hand attribute signifies the hand responsible for the action. The reason attribute indicates why the material is difficult to transcribe. The resp attribute indicates the individual responsible for the transcription of the word, phrase, or passage contained with the unclear element. The value of resp must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header.In no case should unclear contain elements that would not otherwise be permitted to occur within the parent of its own app ancestor. For example, when used as a descendent of verse, unclear should only contain those elements allowed within verse.This element is modelled on an element in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) standard.

Declaration
<elementSpec ident="unclear" module="MEI.edittrans">
<desc>Contains material that cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.</desc>
<classes>
<memberOf key="att.common"/>
<memberOf key="att.agentIdent"/>
<memberOf key="att.edit"/>
<memberOf key="att.extent"/>
<memberOf key="att.facsimile"/>
<memberOf key="att.handIdent"/>
<memberOf key="att.lang"/>
<memberOf key="att.reasonIdent"/>
<memberOf key="model.choicePart"/>
<memberOf key="model.transcriptionLike"/>
</classes>
<content>
<rng:zeroOrMore>
<rng:choice>
<rng:text/>
<rng:ref name="model.divLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.editLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.editTransPart" />
<rng:ref name="model.fLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.graphicPrimitiveLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.keyAccidLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.layerPart" />
<rng:ref name="model.milestoneLike.music" />
<rng:ref name="model.neumeComponentModifierLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.neumeModifierLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.neumePart" />
<rng:ref name="model.sectionPart" />
<rng:ref name="model.staffGrpLike" />
<rng:ref name="model.transcriptionLike" />
</rng:choice>
</rng:zeroOrMore>
</content>
<remarks>
<p part="N">Where the difficulty in transcription arises from an identifiable cause, the
<att scheme="TEI">agent</att>
attribute signifies the causative agent. The
<att scheme="TEI">cert</att>
attribute signifies the degree of certainty ascribed to the transcription of the text contained within the
<gi scheme="MEI">unclear</gi>
element. Where the difficulty in transcription arises from action (partial deletion, etc.) assignable to an identifiable hand, the
<att scheme="TEI">hand</att>
attribute signifies the hand responsible for the action. The
<att scheme="TEI">reason</att>
attribute indicates why the material is difficult to transcribe. The
<att scheme="TEI">resp</att>
attribute indicates the individual responsible for the transcription of the word, phrase, or passage contained with the
<gi scheme="MEI">unclear</gi>
element. The value of
<att scheme="TEI">resp</att>
must point to one or more identifiers declared in the document header.</p>
<p part="N">In no case should
<gi scheme="MEI">unclear</gi>
contain elements that would not otherwise be permitted to occur within the parent of its own
<gi scheme="MEI">app</gi>
ancestor. For example, when used as a descendent of
<gi scheme="MEI">verse</gi>
,
<gi scheme="MEI">unclear</gi>
should only contain those elements allowed within
<gi scheme="MEI">verse</gi>
.</p>
</remarks>
<remarks>
<p part="N">This element is modelled on an element in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) standard.</p>
</remarks>
</elementSpec>