<fermata>

An indication placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be held longer than its written value. May also occur over a bar line to indicate the end of a phrase or section. Sometimes called a 'hold' or 'pause'.
1.1.2 About version 5.1, 2.2.5.3.1 Measure Rests, 2.3.5 Articulation and Performance Instructions in CMN, 2.3.5.4 Fermata
Module
MEI.cmn
Attributes
@color, @endid, @form, @glyph.auth, @glyph.name, @glyph.num, @glyph.uri, @ho, @label, @layer, @place, @plist, @shape, @staff, @startid, @tstamp, @type, @vo, @xml:id
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.color@color
@endid(optional)Indicates the final element in a sequence of events to which the feature applies. Value conforms to data.URI.
<fermata>att.fermata.logatt.startEndId@endid
@form(optional)Describes the visual appearance of the fermata; that is, whether it occurs as upright or inverted. Allowed values are: "inv" (Inverted, , curve or bracket below the dot.), "norm" (Upright; , curve or bracket above the dot.)
<fermata>att.fermata.vis@form
@glyph.auth(optional)A name or label associated with the controlled vocabulary from which the value of @glyph.name or @glyph.num is taken, or the textual content of the element. Suggested values are: "smufl" (Standard Music Font Layout.)
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.extSymatt.extSym.auth@glyph.auth
@glyph.name(optional)Glyph name. Value is plain text.
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.extSymatt.extSym.names@glyph.name
@glyph.num(optional)Numeric glyph reference in hexadecimal notation, e.g., "#xE000" or "U+E000". N.B. SMuFL version 1.18 uses the range U+E000 - U+ECBF. Value conforms to data.HEXNUM.
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.extSymatt.extSym.names@glyph.num
@glyph.uri(optional)The web-accessible location of the controlled vocabulary from which the value of @glyph.name or @glyph.num is taken, or the textual content of the element. Value conforms to data.URI.
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.extSymatt.extSym.auth@glyph.uri
@ho(optional)Records a horizontal adjustment to a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.visualOffsetatt.visualOffset.ho@ho
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
<fermata>att.commonatt.labelled@label
@layer(optional)Identifies the layer to which a feature applies. One or more values of datatype positiveInteger, separated by spaces.
<fermata>att.fermata.logatt.controlEventatt.layerIdent@layer
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.placementRelStaff@place
@plist(optional)When the target attribute is present, plist identifies the active participants; that is, those entities pointed "from", in a relationship with the specified target(s). When the target attribute is not present, it identifies participants in a mutual relationship. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
<fermata>att.fermata.logatt.controlEventatt.plist@plist
@shape(optional)Describes the visual appearance of the fermata; that is, whether it has a curved, square, or angular shape. Allowed values are: "curved" (A curve above or below the dot.), "square" (A bracket above or below the dot.), "angular" (A triangle above or below the dot.)
<fermata>att.fermata.vis@shape
@staff(optional)Signifies the staff on which a notated event occurs or to which a control event applies. Mandatory when applicable. One or more values of datatype positiveInteger, separated by spaces.
<fermata>att.fermata.logatt.controlEventatt.staffIdent@staff
@startid(optional)Holds a reference to the first element in a sequence of events to which the feature applies. Value conforms to data.URI.
<fermata>att.fermata.logatt.startEndIdatt.startId@startid
@tstamp(optional)Encodes the onset time in terms of musical time, i.e., beats[.fractional beat part], as expressed in the written time signature. Value conforms to data.BEAT.
<fermata>att.fermata.logatt.controlEventatt.timestamp.log@tstamp
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
<fermata>att.commonatt.typed@type
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
<fermata>att.fermata.visatt.visualOffsetatt.visualOffset.vo@vo
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
<fermata>att.commonatt.id@xml:id
(MEI.shared) Attributes common to many elements.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that uniquely identify an element.
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
(MEI.shared)
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which can be used to classify features.
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
(MEI.cmn) Logical domain attributes.
(MEI.shared) Attributes shared by events which rely on other events for their existence. For example, a slur/phrase marking must be drawn between or over a group of notes. The slur is therefore a control event.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that identify the layer to which a feature applies.
@layer(optional)Identifies the layer to which a feature applies. One or more values of datatype positiveInteger, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes listing the active participants in a user-defined collection.
@plist(optional)When the target attribute is present, plist identifies the active participants; that is, those entities pointed "from", in a relationship with the specified target(s). When the target attribute is not present, it identifies participants in a mutual relationship. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes for identifying the staff associated with the current feature.
@staff(optional)Signifies the staff on which a notated event occurs or to which a control event applies. Mandatory when applicable. One or more values of datatype positiveInteger, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that record a time stamp in terms of musical time, , beats[.fractional beat part].
@tstamp(optional)Encodes the onset time in terms of musical time, i.e., beats[.fractional beat part], as expressed in the written time signature. Value conforms to data.BEAT.
(MEI.shared) Attributes recording the identifiers of the first and last elements of a sequence of elements to which the current element is associated.
@endid(optional)Indicates the final element in a sequence of events to which the feature applies. Value conforms to data.URI.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that identify a relative starting point.
@startid(optional)Holds a reference to the first element in a sequence of events to which the feature applies. Value conforms to data.URI.
(MEI.visual) Visual domain attributes.
@form(optional)Describes the visual appearance of the fermata; that is, whether it occurs as upright or inverted. Allowed values are: "inv" (Inverted, , curve or bracket below the dot.), "norm" (Upright; , curve or bracket above the dot.)
@shape(optional)Describes the visual appearance of the fermata; that is, whether it has a curved, square, or angular shape. Allowed values are: "curved" (A curve above or below the dot.), "square" (A bracket above or below the dot.), "angular" (A triangle above or below the dot.)
(MEI.shared) Visual color attributes.
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
(MEI.externalsymbols) Attributes used to associate MEI features with corresponding glyphs in an externally-defined standard such as SMuFL.
(MEI.externalsymbols) Attributes that point to an external symbol authority.
@glyph.auth(optional)A name or label associated with the controlled vocabulary from which the value of @glyph.name or @glyph.num is taken, or the textual content of the element. Suggested values are: "smufl" (Standard Music Font Layout.)
@glyph.uri(optional)The web-accessible location of the controlled vocabulary from which the value of @glyph.name or @glyph.num is taken, or the textual content of the element. Value conforms to data.URI.
(MEI.externalsymbols) Attributes that specify names or values taken from an external symbol authority.
@glyph.name(optional)Glyph name. Value is plain text.
@glyph.num(optional)Numeric glyph reference in hexadecimal notation, e.g., "#xE000" or "U+E000". N.B. SMuFL version 1.18 uses the range U+E000 - U+ECBF. Value conforms to data.HEXNUM.
(MEI.shared) Attributes capturing placement information with respect to the staff.
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
(MEI.shared) Visual offset attributes. Some items may have their location recorded in terms of offsets from their programmatically-determined location. The ho attribute records the horizontal offset while vo records the vertical. The to attribute holds a timestamp offset, the most common use of which is as an alternative to the ho attribute.
(MEI.shared) Horizontal offset attributes.
@ho(optional)Records a horizontal adjustment to a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
(MEI.shared) Vertical offset attributes.
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
@glyph.auth(optional)A name or label associated with the controlled vocabulary from which the value of @glyph.name or @glyph.num is taken, or the textual content of the element. Suggested values are: "smufl" (Standard Music Font Layout.)
@glyph.name(optional)Glyph name. Value is plain text.
@glyph.num(optional)Numeric glyph reference in hexadecimal notation, e.g., "#xE000" or "U+E000". N.B. SMuFL version 1.18 uses the range U+E000 - U+ECBF. Value conforms to data.HEXNUM.
@glyph.uri(optional)The web-accessible location of the controlled vocabulary from which the value of @glyph.name or @glyph.num is taken, or the textual content of the element. Value conforms to data.URI.
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
@endid(optional)Indicates the final element in a sequence of events to which the feature applies. Value conforms to data.URI.
@ho(optional)Records a horizontal adjustment to a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
@layer(optional)Identifies the layer to which a feature applies. One or more values of datatype positiveInteger, separated by spaces.
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
@plist(optional)When the target attribute is present, plist identifies the active participants; that is, those entities pointed "from", in a relationship with the specified target(s). When the target attribute is not present, it identifies participants in a mutual relationship. One or more values from data.URI, separated by spaces.
@staff(optional)Signifies the staff on which a notated event occurs or to which a control event applies. Mandatory when applicable. One or more values of datatype positiveInteger, separated by spaces.
@startid(optional)Holds a reference to the first element in a sequence of events to which the feature applies. Value conforms to data.URI.
@tstamp(optional)Encodes the onset time in terms of musical time, i.e., beats[.fractional beat part], as expressed in the written time signature. Value conforms to data.BEAT.
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
@form(optional)Describes the visual appearance of the fermata; that is, whether it occurs as upright or inverted. Allowed values are: "inv" (Inverted, , curve or bracket below the dot.), "norm" (Upright; , curve or bracket above the dot.)
@shape(optional)Describes the visual appearance of the fermata; that is, whether it has a curved, square, or angular shape. Allowed values are: "curved" (A curve above or below the dot.), "square" (A bracket above or below the dot.), "angular" (A triangle above or below the dot.)
Member of
model.controlEventLike.cmnGroups control events that appear in CMN.
Contained By
(MEI.cmn) Groups control events that appear in CMN.
(MEI.cmn) Groups elements that may appear within a CMN measure.
<measure>Unit of musical time consisting of a fixed number of note values of a given type, as determined by the prevailing meter, and delimited in musical notation by bar lines.
<measure>Unit of musical time consisting of a fixed number of note values of a given type, as determined by the prevailing meter, and delimited in musical notation by bar lines.
May Contain
– (<fermata> may not have child elements)
Remarks

The @shape attribute may be used to record whether the fermata is curved, square, or triangular, while @form may be used to capture whether the fermata is "upright", i.e., has the curve or bracket above the dot, or inverted, i.e., has the curve or bracket below the dot. Other visual forms of a fermata may be indicated via the @altsym attribute. The starting point of the fermata may be indicated by either a @startid, @tstamp, @tstamp.ges, or @tstamp.real attribute. It is a semantic error not to specify a starting point attribute.

Constraints

Must have one of the attributes: startid, tstamp, tstamp.ges or tstamp.real.
Must have one of the attributes: startid, tstamp, tstamp.ges or tstamp.real.

Declaration
<elementSpec rend="add" ident="fermata" module="MEI.cmn">
<desc rend="replace">An indication placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be held longer than its written value. May also occur over a bar line to indicate the end of a phrase or section. Sometimes called a 'hold' or 'pause'.</desc>
<classes>
<memberOf key="att.common"/>
<memberOf key="att.fermata.log"/>
<memberOf key="att.fermata.vis"/>
<memberOf key="model.controlEventLike.cmn"/>
</classes>
<content>
<empty/>
</content>
<constraintSpec ident="fermata_start-type_attributes_required" scheme="schematron">
<constraint>
<sch:rule context="mei:fermata">
<sch:assert test="@startid or @tstamp or @tstamp.ges or @tstamp.real">Must have one of the attributes: startid, tstamp, tstamp.ges or tstamp.real.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>
</constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<constraintSpec ident="fermata_start-type_attributes_required" scheme="schematron">
<constraint>
<sch:rule context="mei:fermata">
<sch:assert test="@startid or @tstamp or @tstamp.ges or @tstamp.real">Must have one of the attributes: startid, tstamp, tstamp.ges or tstamp.real.</sch:assert>
</sch:rule>
</constraint>
</constraintSpec>
<remarks>
<p>The <att>shape</att> attribute may be used to record whether the fermata is curved, square, or triangular, while <att>form</att> may be used to capture whether the fermata is "upright", i.e., has the curve or bracket above the dot, or inverted, i.e., has the curve or bracket below the dot. Other visual forms of a fermata may be indicated via the <att>altsym</att> attribute. The starting point of the fermata may be indicated by either a <att>startid</att>, <att>tstamp</att>, <att>tstamp.ges</att>, or <att>tstamp.real</att> attribute. It is a semantic error not to specify a starting point attribute.</p>
</remarks>
</elementSpec>
MEI Version: 6.0-dev+basic(#cd58552)