<refrain>

Recurring lyrics, especially at the end of each verse or stanza of a poem or song lyrics; a chorus.
Module
Attributes
@color, @fontfam, @fontname, @fontsize, @fontstyle, @fontweight, @label, @letterspacing, @lineheight, @place, @type, @vo, @voltasym, @xml:id, @xml:lang
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
@fontfam(optional)Contains the name of a font-family. Value conforms to data.FONTFAMILY.
@fontname(optional)Holds the name of a font. Value conforms to data.FONTNAME.
@fontsize(optional)Indicates the size of a font expressed in printers' points, i.e., 1/72nd of an inch, relative terms, e.g., small, larger, etc., or percentage values relative to normal size, e.g., 125%. Value conforms to data.FONTSIZE.
@fontstyle(optional)Records the style of a font, i.e., italic, oblique, or normal. Value conforms to data.FONTSTYLE.
@fontweight(optional)Used to indicate bold type. Value conforms to data.FONTWEIGHT.
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
@letterspacing(optional)Indicates letter spacing (aka tracking) in analogy to the CSS letter-spacing property. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYSIGNED.
@lineheight(optional)Indicates line height in analogy to the CSS line-height property. Value conforms to either data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYUNSIGNED or data.PERCENT.
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
@voltasym(optional)Specifies the symbol used to group lyrics. Allowed values are: "brace" (Curved symbol, , {.), "bracket" (Square symbol, , [, but with curved/angled top and bottom segments.), "bracketsq" (Square symbol, , [, with horizontal top and bottom segments.), "line" (Line symbol, , |, (wide) line without top and bottom curved/horizontal segments.), "none" (Grouping symbol missing.)
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
@xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
(MEI.shared) Attributes common to many elements.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that uniquely identify an element.
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
(MEI.shared)
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which can be used to classify features.
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Language attributes common to text elements.
@xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
(MEI.visual) Visual domain attributes.
(MEI.shared) Visual color attributes.
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
(MEI.shared) Attributes capturing placement information with respect to the staff.
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
(MEI.shared) Typographical attributes.
@fontfam(optional)Contains the name of a font-family. Value conforms to data.FONTFAMILY.
@fontname(optional)Holds the name of a font. Value conforms to data.FONTNAME.
@fontsize(optional)Indicates the size of a font expressed in printers' points, i.e., 1/72nd of an inch, relative terms, e.g., small, larger, etc., or percentage values relative to normal size, e.g., 125%. Value conforms to data.FONTSIZE.
@fontstyle(optional)Records the style of a font, i.e., italic, oblique, or normal. Value conforms to data.FONTSTYLE.
@fontweight(optional)Used to indicate bold type. Value conforms to data.FONTWEIGHT.
@letterspacing(optional)Indicates letter spacing (aka tracking) in analogy to the CSS letter-spacing property. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYSIGNED.
@lineheight(optional)Indicates line height in analogy to the CSS line-height property. Value conforms to either data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYUNSIGNED or data.PERCENT.
(MEI.shared) Vertical offset attributes.
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that describe the symbol used to group volta elements.
@voltasym(optional)Specifies the symbol used to group lyrics. Allowed values are: "brace" (Curved symbol, , {.), "bracket" (Square symbol, , [, but with curved/angled top and bottom segments.), "bracketsq" (Square symbol, , [, with horizontal top and bottom segments.), "line" (Line symbol, , |, (wide) line without top and bottom curved/horizontal segments.), "none" (Grouping symbol missing.)
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
@fontfam(optional)Contains the name of a font-family. Value conforms to data.FONTFAMILY.
@fontname(optional)Holds the name of a font. Value conforms to data.FONTNAME.
@fontsize(optional)Indicates the size of a font expressed in printers' points, i.e., 1/72nd of an inch, relative terms, e.g., small, larger, etc., or percentage values relative to normal size, e.g., 125%. Value conforms to data.FONTSIZE.
@fontstyle(optional)Records the style of a font, i.e., italic, oblique, or normal. Value conforms to data.FONTSTYLE.
@fontweight(optional)Used to indicate bold type. Value conforms to data.FONTWEIGHT.
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
@letterspacing(optional)Indicates letter spacing (aka tracking) in analogy to the CSS letter-spacing property. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYSIGNED.
@lineheight(optional)Indicates line height in analogy to the CSS line-height property. Value conforms to either data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYUNSIGNED or data.PERCENT.
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
@voltasym(optional)Specifies the symbol used to group lyrics. Allowed values are: "brace" (Curved symbol, , {.), "bracket" (Square symbol, , [, but with curved/angled top and bottom segments.), "bracketsq" (Square symbol, , [, with horizontal top and bottom segments.), "line" (Line symbol, , |, (wide) line without top and bottom curved/horizontal segments.), "none" (Grouping symbol missing.)
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
@xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
Member of
model.verseLikeGroups elements that contain a lyric verse.
Contained By
(MEI.lyrics) Groups elements that contain a lyric verse.
<chord>A simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
<note>A single pitched event.
<chord>A simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
<note>A single pitched event.
May Contain
<dir>An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols, typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like <tempo>, <dynam> or <repeatMark>.
<dynam>Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
<space>A placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
<tempo>Text and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
<volta>Sung text for a specific iteration of a repeated section of music.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that function like line beginnings.
<lb>An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new line.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that contain a lyric syllable.
<syl>Individual lyric syllable.
<volta>Sung text for a specific iteration of a repeated section of music.
<dir>An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols, typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like <tempo>, <dynam> or <repeatMark>.
<dynam>Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
<lb>An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new line.
<space>A placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
<syl>Individual lyric syllable.
<tempo>Text and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
Remarks

The <lb> element is allowed here in order to facilitate karaoke applications.

Declaration
<elementSpec rend="add" ident="refrain" module="MEI.lyrics">
<desc xml:lang="en">Recurring lyrics, especially at the end of each verse or stanza of a poem or song lyrics; a chorus.</desc>
<classes>
<memberOf key="att.common"/>
<memberOf key="att.lang"/>
<memberOf key="att.refrain.vis"/>
<memberOf key="model.verseLike"/>
</classes>
<content>
<zeroOrMore>
<choice>
<ref name="dir"/>
<ref name="dynam"/>
<ref name="tempo"/>
<ref name="space"/>
</choice>
</zeroOrMore>
<oneOrMore>
<choice>
<ref name="volta"/>
<ref name="model.sylLike"/>
<ref name="model.appLike"/>
<ref name="model.editLike"/>
</choice>
</oneOrMore>
<zeroOrMore>
<ref name="model.lbLike"/>
</zeroOrMore>
</content>
<remarks xml:lang="en">
<p>The <gi scheme="MEI">lb</gi> element is allowed here in order to facilitate karaoke applications.</p>
</remarks>
</elementSpec>