<refrain>

Recurring lyrics, especially at the end of each verse or stanza of a poem or song lyrics; a chorus.
Module
MEI.lyrics
Attributes
@color, @fontfam, @fontname, @fontsize, @fontstyle, @fontweight, @label, @letterspacing, @lineheight, @place, @type, @vo, @voltasym, @xml:id, @xml:lang
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.color@color
@fontfam(optional)Contains the name of a font-family. Value conforms to data.FONTFAMILY.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.typography@fontfam
@fontname(optional)Holds the name of a font. Value conforms to data.FONTNAME.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.typography@fontname
@fontsize(optional)Indicates the size of a font expressed in printers' points, i.e., 1/72nd of an inch, relative terms, e.g., small, larger, etc., or percentage values relative to normal size, e.g., 125%. Value conforms to data.FONTSIZE.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.typography@fontsize
@fontstyle(optional)Records the style of a font, i.e., italic, oblique, or normal. Value conforms to data.FONTSTYLE.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.typography@fontstyle
@fontweight(optional)Used to indicate bold type. Value conforms to data.FONTWEIGHT.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.typography@fontweight
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
<refrain>att.commonatt.labelled@label
@letterspacing(optional)Indicates letter spacing (aka tracking) in analogy to the CSS letter-spacing property. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYSIGNED.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.typography@letterspacing
@lineheight(optional)Indicates line height in analogy to the CSS line-height property. Value conforms to either data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYUNSIGNED or data.PERCENT.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.typography@lineheight
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.placementRelStaff@place
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
<refrain>att.commonatt.typed@type
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.visualOffset.vo@vo
@voltasym(optional)Specifies the symbol used to group lyrics. Allowed values are: "brace" (Curved symbol, , {.), "bracket" (Square symbol, , [, but with curved/angled top and bottom segments.), "bracketsq" (Square symbol, , [, with horizontal top and bottom segments.), "line" (Line symbol, , |, (wide) line without top and bottom curved/horizontal segments.), "none" (Grouping symbol missing.)
<refrain>att.refrain.visatt.voltaGroupingSym@voltasym
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
<refrain>att.commonatt.id@xml:id
@xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
<refrain>att.lang@xml:lang
(MEI.shared) Attributes common to many elements.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that uniquely identify an element.
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
(MEI.shared)
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
(MEI.shared) Attributes which can be used to classify features.
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
(MEI.shared) Language attributes common to text elements.
@xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
(MEI.visual) Visual domain attributes.
(MEI.shared) Visual color attributes.
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
(MEI.shared) Attributes capturing placement information with respect to the staff.
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
(MEI.shared) Typographical attributes.
@fontfam(optional)Contains the name of a font-family. Value conforms to data.FONTFAMILY.
@fontname(optional)Holds the name of a font. Value conforms to data.FONTNAME.
@fontsize(optional)Indicates the size of a font expressed in printers' points, i.e., 1/72nd of an inch, relative terms, e.g., small, larger, etc., or percentage values relative to normal size, e.g., 125%. Value conforms to data.FONTSIZE.
@fontstyle(optional)Records the style of a font, i.e., italic, oblique, or normal. Value conforms to data.FONTSTYLE.
@fontweight(optional)Used to indicate bold type. Value conforms to data.FONTWEIGHT.
@letterspacing(optional)Indicates letter spacing (aka tracking) in analogy to the CSS letter-spacing property. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYSIGNED.
@lineheight(optional)Indicates line height in analogy to the CSS line-height property. Value conforms to either data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYUNSIGNED or data.PERCENT.
(MEI.shared) Vertical offset attributes.
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
(MEI.shared) Attributes that describe the symbol used to group volta elements.
@voltasym(optional)Specifies the symbol used to group lyrics. Allowed values are: "brace" (Curved symbol, , {.), "bracket" (Square symbol, , [, but with curved/angled top and bottom segments.), "bracketsq" (Square symbol, , [, with horizontal top and bottom segments.), "line" (Line symbol, , |, (wide) line without top and bottom curved/horizontal segments.), "none" (Grouping symbol missing.)
@color(optional)Used to indicate visual appearance. Do not confuse this with the musical term 'color' as used in pre-CMN notation. Value conforms to data.COLOR.
@fontfam(optional)Contains the name of a font-family. Value conforms to data.FONTFAMILY.
@fontname(optional)Holds the name of a font. Value conforms to data.FONTNAME.
@fontsize(optional)Indicates the size of a font expressed in printers' points, i.e., 1/72nd of an inch, relative terms, e.g., small, larger, etc., or percentage values relative to normal size, e.g., 125%. Value conforms to data.FONTSIZE.
@fontstyle(optional)Records the style of a font, i.e., italic, oblique, or normal. Value conforms to data.FONTSTYLE.
@fontweight(optional)Used to indicate bold type. Value conforms to data.FONTWEIGHT.
@label(optional)Captures text to be used to generate a label for the element to which it’s attached, a "tool tip" or prefatory text, for example. Should not be used to record document content. Value is plain text.
@letterspacing(optional)Indicates letter spacing (aka tracking) in analogy to the CSS letter-spacing property. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYSIGNED.
@lineheight(optional)Indicates line height in analogy to the CSS line-height property. Value conforms to either data.MEASUREMENTTYPOGRAPHYUNSIGNED or data.PERCENT.
@place(optional)Captures the placement of the item with respect to the staff with which it is associated. Value conforms to data.STAFFREL.
@type(optional)Designation which characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology that employs single-token labels. One or more values of datatype NMTOKEN, separated by spaces.
@vo(optional)Records the vertical adjustment of a feature’s programmatically-determined location in terms of staff interline distance; that is, in units of 1/2 the distance between adjacent staff lines. Value conforms to data.MEASUREMENTSIGNED.
@voltasym(optional)Specifies the symbol used to group lyrics. Allowed values are: "brace" (Curved symbol, , {.), "bracket" (Square symbol, , [, but with curved/angled top and bottom segments.), "bracketsq" (Square symbol, , [, with horizontal top and bottom segments.), "line" (Line symbol, , |, (wide) line without top and bottom curved/horizontal segments.), "none" (Grouping symbol missing.)
@xml:id(optional)Regularizes the naming of an element and thus facilitates building links between it and other resources. Each id attribute within a document must have a unique value. Value is a valid xml:id.
@xml:lang(optional)Identifies the language of the element's content. The values for this attribute are language 'tags' as defined in BCP 47. All language tags that make use of private use sub-tags must be documented in a corresponding language element in the MEI header whose id attribute is the same as the language tag's value. Value of datatype language.
Member of
model.verseLikeGroups elements that contain a lyric verse.
Contained By
(MEI.lyrics) Groups elements that contain a lyric verse.
<chord>A simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
<note>A single pitched event.
<chord>A simultaneous sounding of two or more notes in the same layer *with the same duration*.
<note>A single pitched event.
May Contain
<dir>An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols, typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like <tempo>, <dynam> or <repeatMark>.
<dynam>Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
<space>A placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
<tempo>Text and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
<volta>Sung text for a specific iteration of a repeated section of music.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that function like line beginnings.
<lb>An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new line.
(MEI.shared) Groups elements that contain a lyric syllable.
<syl>Individual lyric syllable.
<volta>Sung text for a specific iteration of a repeated section of music.
<dir>An instruction expressed as a combination of text and symbols, typically above, below, or between staves, but not on the staff — that is not encoded elsewhere in more specific elements, like <tempo>, <dynam> or <repeatMark>.
<dynam>Indication of the volume of a note, phrase, or section of music.
<lb>An empty formatting element that forces text to begin on a new line.
<space>A placeholder used to fill an incomplete measure, layer, etc. most often so that the combined duration of the events equals the number of beats in the measure.
<syl>Individual lyric syllable.
<tempo>Text and symbols descriptive of tempo, mood, or style, e.g., "allarg.", "a tempo", "cantabile", "Moderato", "♩=60", "Moderato ♩ =60").
Remarks

The <lb> element is allowed here in order to facilitate karaoke applications.

Declaration
<elementSpec rend="add" ident="refrain" module="MEI.lyrics">
<desc xml:lang="en">Recurring lyrics, especially at the end of each verse or stanza of a poem or song lyrics; a chorus.</desc>
<classes>
<memberOf key="att.common"/>
<memberOf key="att.lang"/>
<memberOf key="att.refrain.vis"/>
<memberOf key="model.verseLike"/>
</classes>
<content>
<zeroOrMore>
<choice>
<ref name="dir"/>
<ref name="dynam"/>
<ref name="tempo"/>
<ref name="space"/>
</choice>
</zeroOrMore>
<oneOrMore>
<choice>
<ref name="volta"/>
<ref name="model.sylLike"/>
<ref name="model.appLike"/>
<ref name="model.editLike"/>
</choice>
</oneOrMore>
<zeroOrMore>
<ref name="model.lbLike"/>
</zeroOrMore>
</content>
<remarks xml:lang="en">
<p>The <gi scheme="MEI">lb</gi> element is allowed here in order to facilitate karaoke applications.</p>
</remarks>
</elementSpec>
MEI Version: 6.0-dev+basic(#cd58552)